An Introduction to Statistics
Which measure of central tendency is affected by extreme outliers?
a) Mean
b) Median
c) Mode
d) Range
What does the term "probability" refer to in statistics?
a) The likelihood of an event occurring
b) The sum of all values in a dataset
c) The average of a set of numbers
d) The spread or variability of data
What is the purpose of a box plot?
a) To display the distribution of a dataset
b) To compare two or more groups or conditions
c) To identify outliers in a dataset
d) To estimate the confidence interval of a statistic
Which of the following is NOT a type of sampling technique?
a) Random sampling
b) Stratified sampling
c) Voluntary response sampling
d) Convenience sampling
What is the difference between a parameter and a statistic in statistics?
a) A parameter refers to a sample characteristic, while a statistic refers to a population characteristic.
b) A parameter is a numerical summary of a sample, while a statistic is a numerical summary of a population.
c) A parameter is an unknown value, while a statistic is a known value.
d) A parameter refers to a population characteristic, while a statistic refers to a sample characteristic.
What is the purpose of a confidence interval?
a) To determine the probability of an event occurring
b) To estimate the margin of error in a sample statistic
c) To compare two or more groups or conditions
d) To identify outliers in a dataset
What is the difference between a one-tailed test and a two-tailed test?
a) A one-tailed test is used for categorical data, while a two-tailed test is used for numerical data.
b) A one-tailed test examines the relationship between two variables, while a two-tailed test examines the relationship between three or more variables.
c) A one-tailed test is used when the alternative hypothesis specifies the direction of the effect, while a two-tailed test is used when the alternative hypothesis does not specify the direction of the effect.
d) A one-tailed test is more statistically rigorous than a two-tailed test.
What is the formula for calculating the variance of a dataset?
a) The square root of the sum of squared differences from the mean
b) The sum of all values divided by the number of values
c) The difference between the largest and smallest values
d) The average value of all the data points
Which type of graph is best suited for displaying categorical data?
a) Line graph
b) Histogram
c) Scatter plot
d) Bar graph
What is the purpose of statistical inference?
a) To summarize and describe data
b) To make predictions and forecasts
c) To analyze the relationship between two variables
d) To calculate summary statistics for a dataset
Answers:
a
a
a
c
d
b
c
a
d
b
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